MgO对高铝高炉渣脱硫的影响及其动力学分析

随着廉价高铝铁矿石的不断使用,高炉炉渣内Al₂O₃含量也随之升高,这势必会影响高炉炉渣的各项冶金性能。为深入研究高铝高炉渣脱硫性能,明确MgO含量对高铝渣脱硫性能的影响,笔者通过改变高铝渣中MgO的含量,分别设定渣中MgO含量为5%、9%、13% MgO,研究不同MgO含量高炉高铝渣的脱硫性能及其脱硫动力学。结果表明：MgO含量不仅对高铝渣的黏度、脱硫能力有不同的影响,还使炉渣的脱硫速率发生了很大的改变。MgO含量越高对应的黏度越低,脱硫能力越大;但脱硫速率却表现出了不同规律,9% MgO的脱硫速率表现为最大;经过综合比较,当碱度固定为1.1、Al₂O₃含量固定为17%时,MgO含量为9%的炉渣同时具有较好的粘度和脱硫性能。     

改性钢渣的制备及其吸附除磷性能

研究了改性钢渣吸附除磷影响因素、等温吸附线特征和吸附动力学,并对生物处理后的出水进行吸附除磷研究。结果表明：在初始磷浓度10 mg/L,投加量10 g/L、pH为7时,改性钢渣吸附后总磷浓度为0.687 mg/L,去除率达93%;改性钢渣对磷的吸附符合Langmuir模型,理论饱和吸附量是1.977 mg/g,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型（R²>0.99）;实际生活污水的吸附除磷中,投加量为50 g/L,反应2 h后出水总磷浓度达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级B标的排放要求。     

陕西商洛某冶炼厂周边农作物重金属污染评价

【目的】分析陕西商洛某冶炼厂周边农作物的重金属污染状况,为当地农作物的科学种植提供参考。【方法】以商洛某冶炼厂周边的小麦、玉米、香菜、青菜、菠菜、油菜、葱、蒜等农作物为研究对象,测定农作物中Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni 4种重金属的含量,采用单项污染指数法、综合指数法和聚类分析法评价农作物中4种重金属的污染状况。【结果】研究区农作物中Zn、Cu、Ni含量均未超标,但是青菜、菠菜、油菜、香菜、小麦中出现了不同程度的Cd含量超标现象,由单项污染指数可知,小麦叶、秆及油菜叶和青菜茎Cd轻度污染,香菜茎、叶和青菜叶、菠菜叶中Cd重度污染。由重金属综合污染指数(P综合)可知,麦秆的重金属污染属警戒级,小麦叶、青菜茎、油菜叶属轻度污染,香菜茎、叶和青菜叶、菠菜叶属重度污染,与聚类分析结果一致。农作物中的Cd与Ni、Cd与Zn、Ni与Zn之间存在着极显著的正相关性,说明其污染源可能相似,也可能是复合污染所致。【结论】陕西商洛某冶炼厂周边叶菜类蔬菜吸附重金属能力较强,玉米、大蒜、葱未被重金属污染,适合于研究区种植,而香菜、青菜、菠菜、油菜和小麦已被重金属污染,尤其是香菜、青菜、菠菜不适合于研究区种植。     

Hydraulic potential stimulation and bricks preparation of magnesium slag

The hydraulic potential stimulation of magnesium is significant to its direct utilization. In this paper, magnesium slag which is the main material, and some slag and activator are used to prepare cementitious material and bricks, and the influences of different activators on the hydraulic properties are also investigated. Experiments show a certain hydraulic potential of magnesium slag but with a low strength, however, the compressive strength soars from 1.8 MPa to 27 MPa after composing it with a small amount of blast-furnace slag. The early strength of magnesium slag-blastfurnace slag binder is affected by NaOH, while the gypsum affects the binder’s later strength. Bricks conforming to standard MU20 are successfully fabricated by 80% magnesium and 20% blast furnace slag, after activated, with extra 5% desulfurized gypsum.     

重离子束辐照复合菌剂发酵马铃薯渣的效果研究

研究了重离子束辐照选育的高蛋白酵母、木霉、黑曲霉和乳酸杆菌的不同添加比例及发酵时间对马铃薯渣中粗蛋白和粗纤维含量的影响.结果表明:在发酵条件、发酵时间相同的情况下,黑曲霉∶绿色木霉∶诱变酵母菌∶乳酸杆菌最佳配比为1∶3∶3∶2,发酵后马铃薯渣中的蛋白含量为15.39%,粗纤维含量为12.12%;在发酵条件、菌种比例相同的条件下,最佳发酵时间为8d,发酵后马铃薯渣中的蛋白含量为15.12%,粗纤维含量为11.86%.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧炉渣对水体中磷的去除效果

城市生活垃圾焚烧炉渣对水体中的磷有较好的去除效果,当初始磷浓度低于200 mg/L时,炉渣对磷的去除率接近100％;当初始磷浓度为800 mg/L时,炉渣对磷的去除率接近60％.炉渣对磷的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型,相关系数均达显著水平.Langmuir吸附等温线模拟炉渣的吸附磷性能优于Freundlich模型,根据Langmuir方程计算出炉渣对磷的理论饱和吸附量为26 162 mg/kg.炉渣对磷的吸附受pH值的变化影响不大,磷的解析率低,且其重金属浸出浓度低,环境安全性能优良.综上所述,生活垃圾焚烧炉渣是一种较为理想的除磷吸附剂.     

宝鸡长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤重金属污染研究

通过野外采样和实验室分析,在分析土壤基本理化性质的基础上,重点研究宝鸡长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤中重金属元素的含量和形态特征,并进行了污染评价。结果表明,宝鸡长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Co、Ni、Cr的平均含量分别为31.8、41.3、102.6、704.6、14.4、37.4、83.2mg·kg-1,均高于陕西省和全国土壤元素背景值,尤其是Cu、Pb和Zn。土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni和Cr主要以残余态的形式存在,Pb、Mn和Co主要以可还原态和残余态的形式存在,重金属的迁移顺序为Mn（63.91%）〉Pb（60.08%）〉Co（51.70%）〉N（i37.12%）〉Zn（32.09%）〉C（r30.58%）〉Cu（19.95%）,其中,Mn、Pb和Co有50%~65%可以发生迁移,易被生物体利用,危害较大。评价结果表明,宝鸡长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤主要受到了Pb的轻度污染。     

Evaluation of Si availability in slag fertilizers by an extraction method using a cation exchange resin

A new extraction method for the evaluation of Si availability in slag fertilizers was developed based on findings on the dissolution process of the slags in paddy fields. In the method, the slags were dissolved in water with the addition of a weakly acidic cation exchange resin (H form). The effects of the slag/water ratio, the amount of resin, and temperature on the Si dissolution from the slags were examined in order to determine adequate extraction conditions. The Si dissolution from the slags was enhanced by the addition of the resin. The pH of the extractant was well controlled between 6 and 7 during the extraction. The percentage of the amount of Si extracted by traditional evaluation methods using 0.5 м HCl or an acetate buffer solution to the total amount of Si in the slags was much higher than the Si recovery rate by rice plant (Oryza sativa L. var. Nihonbare) which was measured in our previous study. Moreover, there was no correlation between these values. On the other hand, the percentage of Si extracted by the new method was in the same range as that of the Si recovery rate and a positive correlation was obtained. As a result, Si availability in the slags could be evaluated more precisely by using the method proposed here than by using the traditional methods.     

Reclamation of a Badarkhali hot spot of acid sulfate soil in relation to rice production by basic slag and aggregate size treatments under modified plain–ridge–ditch techniques

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted for the reclamation of a Badarkhali hot spot of acid sulfate soil manipulated by flash leaching followed by basic slag (BS) at 10 t ha^?1 (BS₁₀) and 20 t ha^?1 (BS₂₀) and aggregate sizes (A) of soil less than 20 mm (A₂₀) and less than 30 mm (A₃₀) treatments under two different techniques (Tech 1: pyrite layer at top, jarosite layer at middle and topsoil at the bottom of the ridge; Tech 2: topsoil at top, pyrite layer at middle and jarosite layer at the bottom of the ridge). Responses to two cultivars of rice (Pizam [local cultivar] and BR 14 [high yielding cultivar]) with the treatments were evaluated. The initial soil had a very low pH(H₂O) 4.0 and a high electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.4 m S^?1, and the pyrite content was 68 g kg^?1. The exchangeable Mg content of the soil was approximately twice that of Ca and the Al content was at a highly toxic level. The average soil data of all the treatments, except for the control plots (where no amendment was applied), after harvesting of rice increased by 1.1 units for soil pH and 17–524% for the contents of N, P, Ca and Mg, while the concentrations of Fe, Al, Na, Cl^? and SO₄ ^2– decreased by 30–94% compared with the initial soil. The maximum growth and yield of rice grains (4.4 t ha^?1) were obtained by the Pizam compared with the BR 14 (4.0 t ha^?1) in the A₂₀BS₂₀ treatment in the ridges of Tech 2. The lowest grain yields of 0.02 (BR 14) and 0.07 t ha^?1 (Pizam) were recorded for the control plots. The other treatments also resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved performance on rice production. The highest N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents in the shoots of BR 14 and Pizam rice were obtained under the A₂₀BS₂₀ treatment followed by the A₂₀BS₁₀ ≥ A₃₀BS₂₀ treatments. Application of A₂₀BS₂₀ under Tech 2 is the most appropriate reclamation option and the local Pizam is the most suitable rice for this soil.     

SLAG EFFICACY AS A LIME AND SILICON SOURCE FOR RICE CROPS THROUGH THE BIOLOGICAL METHOD

There is little information about the best silicon (Si) sources for agricultural use, and yet some products have already been marketed as sources of this element. One of these products is slag, which is used as a source for Si and lime. This study evaluated the silicon supply availability and efficacy of different silicate slag types for rice crops. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, used Entisol Quatzipsamment soil and was set up in randomized blocks with three replications. Si source reactivity was evaluated using five metallurgic slag types and Wollastonite, which is considered a standard in Si studies. Doses of each Si source were 1000 and 2000 mg dm^?3 of Si and a control (additional treatment). Soil data [soluble Si, calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺) and pH] and rice growth and yield were recorded. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance and contrasts were made for comparisons between each slag type and the additional treatment. Averages were compared by the Scott Knott test at 5% with the statistics program SISVAR. The efficacy of the slag types in supplying Si for the plants (ESSi) and in increasing Si availability in the soil (ESiA) was determined from the values of contrast estimates. Slag E3 and Wollastonite were effective in increasing soil silicon availability and, consequently, the efficacy of supplying silicon for the plants, while the other slag types had low efficacy.